In 2002, Plame wrote a memo to her superiors in which she expressed hesitation in recommending her husband, former diplomat
Joseph C. Wilson, to the CIA for a mission to
Niger to investigate claims that
Iraq had arranged to purchase and import
uranium from the country, but stated that he "may be in a position to assist".
[4] After President
George W. Bush stated that "
Saddam Hussein recently sought significant quantities of uranium from Africa" during the run-up to the
2003 invasion of Iraq, Wilson published a July 2003 op-ed in
The New York Times stating his doubts during the mission that any such transaction with Iraq had taken place.
[5]
A week after Wilson's op-ed was published, Novak published a column which mentioned claims from "two senior administration officials" that Plame had been the one to suggest sending her husband. Novak had learned of Plame's employment, which was
classified information, from
State Department official
Richard Armitage.
[2] David Corn and others suggested that Armitage and other officials had leaked the information as political retribution for Wilson's article.
In the aftermath of the scandal,
Richard Armitage in the
U.S. Department of State was identified as one source of the information, and
I. Lewis "Scooter" Libby, Chief of Staff to Vice President Dick Cheney, was convicted of lying to investigators. After a failed appeal, President
George W. Bush commuted Libby's sentence and in 2018, President
Donald Trump pardoned him. No one was formally charged with leaking the information.