Reagan had at least two main goals in his mind: 1) the collapse of the USSR, 2) changing the thinking of people about economics and the role of government.
The USSR did indeed collapse, and so at least the high debt of the 1980s led to something positive. However, the problem here is that Reagan cut tax rates at the same time that spending was rising. That was a bad combination, just like the 2003 tax cuts that happened concurrently with the rise in spending (the Iraq War). If it was just spending, it would be much better budget-wise.
Besides that, we ended up with a rise in inequality and a slow rise in income. Now, personally, I don't think that inequality per se is a major problem. Instead, it's the stagnant/slow rise in real income that cause hardships (it's one thing to have an increase in the incomes of low-income families and faster increase in the income of high-income families. It's another thing to have only the incomes of the high-income families rising).
And, his characterization of the government as the "problem" generated, over time, all the mistrust in the government... until we got where we are now!