The problem is that the Israeli state doesn't give much of a shit about how many civilian casualties they cause beyond optics (and even then barely.)I read that Israel used 6,000 bombs in a few days. The Palestinians say that they have 4,000 casualties. Perhaps these numbers are not exact but it does seem Israel is trying to minimize civilian casualties since there is less than one casualty per bomb. I think that's extremely "surgical" (which is the word you used). But obviously, it is hard to have zero civilian casualties, since Hamas is not somewhere separate from the civilians. Certainly, you and I (and I bet most Israelis) would prefer zero civilian casualties and only Hamas to be eliminated, but is this possible?
Interesting article.https://lieber.westpoint.edu/inside-idf-targeting/
Good article if anybody is interested in the law and IDF targeting.
Going by it, then theoretically if Hamas are storing rockets in the basement of an apartment building, or operate out of one of the apartments, then Israel (and other unspecified states) takes the view that the people who live in the rest of the building are voluntary shields and thus fair targets.
Seems at bit grim given the open air prison state of Gaza. It's not like the people have many places to go, thanks in large part to Israel itself.