What Thompson called the “peculiarities of the English” (and especially the peculiarities of English socialism) have been on Hall’s mind a good deal lately. He has been talking about the New Left and Englishness with, among others, Jonathan Rutherford, his colleague on the editorial board of the journal Soundings and a prime mover in “Blue Labour”, and Jon Cruddas, entrusted by Ed Miliband with responsibility for the Labour Party’s policy review.
Hall says he understands the impulse behind Rutherford’s and Cruddas’s attempt to find intellectual resources for a new politics of “common life” in ancient English radical traditions. Yet he insists that such traditions cannot be revived “at will”. “I talked to Cruddas about this,” he tells me. “I think I understand his preoccupations rather more than Maurice Glasman’s. In a constituency like Cruddas’s, where you’re fighting the far right, you have to think about those things [English identity, immigration]. But you have to be careful about how you recruit them. He came to talk to me about the New Left, which, of course, was interested in the popular language of the nation. But I had the feeling he was raiding the past, out of context, in a way.”
He acknowledges that his scepticism on this score is deep-rooted and shaped in a decisive way by his origins. “If you come from the Caribbean, you can’t look at Englishness in the same way. It just means a different thing than it does here. You never forget that other dimension. I do think Englishness is something we need to talk about, but it’s contested terrain that is structured powerfully against a contemporary radical appropriation.”
The analysis, and his account of “new times” (the changes in the so-called post-Fordist economy brought about by globalisation), had some influence on the early intellectual outriders of New Labour, but Hall insists that his insights were vulgarised by the Blairites. “There is a tiny kernel of truth in the assertion that [Marxism Today] created Blairism, in the sense that the ‘new times’ stuff was addressing the change of the whole terrain. But what we recommended was that you needed a project on the left of the same breadth and depth as Thatcherism. New Labour understood it as meaning that you needed the same project!”
For Hall, it was during the New Labour years that neoliberal, free-market fundamentalism finally became “common sense”. “I would say that New Labour come closer to institutionalising neoliberalism as a social and political form than Thatcher did. She destroyed everything in order to have a flat plane on which to build, but there was serious opposition and struggle. Thatcherism was a slash-and-burn strategy. With Blair, the language became more adaptive; it found ways of presenting itself to Labour supporters as well.”
What of the present? Are we midway through a crisis of the neoliberal dispensation that has lasted for more than 30 years? Hall agrees that the present impasse is “one of the most serious crises of neoliberalism. But I don’t think there’s any guarantee that it will be resolved or that it will lead to profound change or transformation. The intellectual’s job is to tell people how reality really is – to look it in the face. As Gramsci said, ‘pessimism of the intellect, optimism of the will’.”
Ralph Miliband, the father of the current Labour leader, thought that line of Gramsci’s “an exceedingly bad slogan for socialists”, because, he said, it implies that “defeat is more likely than success”. How optimistic is Hall about the leadership of Miliband fils? “Not very. He has been so watchful of his back that he can’t go forward. You can’t conduct a successful political revival on that basis. Sometimes, you have to have some courage.”
The day after I met Hall, Ed Miliband gave a speech about immigration, announcing that a “grown-up debate” on the subject was required. I couldn’t help thinking of something Hall had said to me the previous day. “You always have to ask yourself, ‘What’s happened to Englishness? Where is it now?’ It’s not that there aren’t elements of it that one would want to retain, but it’s difficult ground.” It is an open question whether it is courageous for Miliband to stake out that terrain, or merely reckless.
https://www.newstatesman.com/politics/uk-politics/2012/08/stuart-hall-we-need-talk-about-englishness