This shows the West made a lot of mistakes. Probably because all our leaders are very weak. With dictators like Putin you really need a hard line. A hard line that they know they cannot cross.
The West had so many options! Including, back in February, giving Russia 48 hours to get out of Ukraine of face the NATO air force in full force. I don't understand why Russia always escalates, and the West always try to not escalate. NATO is much stronger than Russia, including in nuclear arsenal. NATO should be dictating terms, not just trying to avoid offending Putin. Yes, I understand the risks, but Kasparov was correct that dictators like Putin (or Stalin, or Hitler before him), only respect strength, nothing else. The risks are probably higher with a "soft line" than with a "hard line" against dictators like Putin. They don't care about their own soldiers either, or long term dangers to their economy.
A NATO ultimatum could be the best way out for Putin, too, since he could come out as the the wise leader that does not want to destroy the whole planet using nuclear forces. On the other hand, now Putin cannot save face accepting that Ukraine beat Russia, the only way out for him is if NATO beat Russia, because Russians already accept that NATO is bigger and stronger than they are. There is no shame being beaten by superior force. And of course, a direct hit of Russian forces by NATO air force those first days of the war, would actually have saved many lives, both Ukrainian and Russian. The West made the same mistake with Hitler, they could have stopped him in 1936 with minimal loss of life, but they kept trying to negotiate till it was too late.