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Some thoughts on the Apartheid or Jim Crow analogies.
Discriminatory laws against Palestinians both within Israel and in the territories don't seem to me to be based on the principle of racial superiority, not that many Israelis don't hold such views, or that said laws don't often express themselves in racist ways. The very fact that Israel differentiates between Palestinians based on their legal status suggests that it is less a matter of principle relating to the nature of who the Palestinians are, and more to do with a range of political issues which stem from the project for the Jewish state, i.e. nationalism rather than outright racism.
In the case of Israeli Palestinians, the laws seem more based on the kind of ethnic nationalism that can be found in many places outside of, say, Western Europe - a quick look around the region would suggest that, as a minority, they fare a good bit better than other minority groups. They definitely suffer under some discriminatory laws, but none of them are particularly extreme, and they may, for example, run for seats in the Knesset, serve in the army, captain and manage football teams, etc. Definitely Israel could and should do much to improve matters (current President Rivlin is, believe it or not, quite vocal about these issues), but I don't see this happening while the conflict continues and Israeli Jews continue to feel that the existence of their state is at question.
In the case of Palestinians in the territories, the Apartheid or Jim Crow analogy is more obviously relevant, but still doesn't quite sit right with me - apart from the fact that the crazily explicit segregationist policies (e.g. separate drinking fountains) don't exist, the segregationist policies of the Wall, road-blocks, differing administrative areas, etc. were mostly put in to place during the 90s and especially during the second intifada. For the first twenty years of the occupation of the West Bank, things were a lot different, everyone had a lot more freedom to move around as far as I understand it. In any case as far as I know these laws don't apply to Israeli Palestinians, who are the only group, along with visiting tourists, who may freely travel throughout all areas. So again, the segregationist policies don't appear to me to be a matter of principle, more a response to the changing political climate and above all else, the fact that Israel will not offer these Palestinians Israeli citizenship. With that in mind, I'd say a better analogy would be the French in Algeria, with 48-67 Israel representing the metropole and facing the same dilemma - how to hold on to a land you want to keep which contains a massive majority of people you have no wish to rule. This is the dilemma which seems to me to drive much Israeli policy in the territories.
Even then, the analogy is not perfect, since the Algerians had no designs on mainland France, and indeed, had no historical connection to it at all. So from both Israeli and Palestinian perspectives, the analogy falls short right there, but for different reasons. Certainly for the Palestinians, the entire country would appear as Algeria - but what then would be the metropole?
(Edit): in fairness, I should add that, unlike in the case of the French in Algeria, the Jews have a deep historical and emotional connection with West Bank.
Discriminatory laws against Palestinians both within Israel and in the territories don't seem to me to be based on the principle of racial superiority, not that many Israelis don't hold such views, or that said laws don't often express themselves in racist ways. The very fact that Israel differentiates between Palestinians based on their legal status suggests that it is less a matter of principle relating to the nature of who the Palestinians are, and more to do with a range of political issues which stem from the project for the Jewish state, i.e. nationalism rather than outright racism.
In the case of Israeli Palestinians, the laws seem more based on the kind of ethnic nationalism that can be found in many places outside of, say, Western Europe - a quick look around the region would suggest that, as a minority, they fare a good bit better than other minority groups. They definitely suffer under some discriminatory laws, but none of them are particularly extreme, and they may, for example, run for seats in the Knesset, serve in the army, captain and manage football teams, etc. Definitely Israel could and should do much to improve matters (current President Rivlin is, believe it or not, quite vocal about these issues), but I don't see this happening while the conflict continues and Israeli Jews continue to feel that the existence of their state is at question.
In the case of Palestinians in the territories, the Apartheid or Jim Crow analogy is more obviously relevant, but still doesn't quite sit right with me - apart from the fact that the crazily explicit segregationist policies (e.g. separate drinking fountains) don't exist, the segregationist policies of the Wall, road-blocks, differing administrative areas, etc. were mostly put in to place during the 90s and especially during the second intifada. For the first twenty years of the occupation of the West Bank, things were a lot different, everyone had a lot more freedom to move around as far as I understand it. In any case as far as I know these laws don't apply to Israeli Palestinians, who are the only group, along with visiting tourists, who may freely travel throughout all areas. So again, the segregationist policies don't appear to me to be a matter of principle, more a response to the changing political climate and above all else, the fact that Israel will not offer these Palestinians Israeli citizenship. With that in mind, I'd say a better analogy would be the French in Algeria, with 48-67 Israel representing the metropole and facing the same dilemma - how to hold on to a land you want to keep which contains a massive majority of people you have no wish to rule. This is the dilemma which seems to me to drive much Israeli policy in the territories.
Even then, the analogy is not perfect, since the Algerians had no designs on mainland France, and indeed, had no historical connection to it at all. So from both Israeli and Palestinian perspectives, the analogy falls short right there, but for different reasons. Certainly for the Palestinians, the entire country would appear as Algeria - but what then would be the metropole?
(Edit): in fairness, I should add that, unlike in the case of the French in Algeria, the Jews have a deep historical and emotional connection with West Bank.
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