Growing and selling opium was entirely legal. In 1840, and for decades afterwards, growing, selling and using opium was entirely legal in places like Turkey, Persiaand (British) India. In India it was not only legal but in the 1830s and 1840s opium fromthe British East India Company’s Bengal opium monopoly was quite normally auctioned in Calcutta and shipped to many places, for instance to the Dutch in the East Indies. Opium was legal in Britain itself, which imported some 200,000 pounds of it fromIndia in that same year. It continued in normal use, especially in the form of laudanum,and was used by many distinguished British and European people, including PrimeMinister Gladstone in Britain and Prince Bismarck in Germany, was openly sold to thefamilies of wounded soldiers during World War I and traces of laudanum could befound in British over-the-counter cold medicines as late as the 1950s. Indeed, neither inBritain nor in America, were there laws against opium or any other drug until manydecades after the 1840-1842 war.The British position at Canton and in London was therefore complicated. Therewas no reason to interfere with opium growing or trading in India, or to stop exportsfrom there. Or to stop selling it in India to private merchants who might ship it, inprivate vessels, wherever they pleased, including to British ships anchored beyondChina’s reach outside the Pearl River estuary, downstream from Canton, where theWestern traders were congregated.