To be honest, I get Danny's reasoning. As everything in this universe is contingently existing, the catalyst not exist contingently but essentially. The biggest flaw in his argument, and Silva and Cider have touched on this, is why this "something" must exist as a personal God. Why does He have to have certain attributes, like sentience and why would he be egotistical enough to forward a reward-punishment system for the life that he purportedly designed? How do you make the leap from the belief of a creator through logical necessity to the Abrahamic God or Allah?
1. Attributes so we can have an idea for example the God attribute: All Hearing. Now we can have an idea what that means since we can hear but imagine if our ears can hear all frequencies of birds, animals etc. Our brains simply can't take it and it would crash. This then would give us an idea to His power.
2. 'Adam' a unique creature that differs from others. 'Adam' has desire, choice and intellect. Reward is logical. To me the idea that one day I'll be accountable for what I'm doing here (in this realm) makes feel good and keeps me in check from being naughty. Most importantly he is God. (We have become less sensitive to the word God because, in some instances, we made Him look like us).
3. The last question is answered by Prophets/Messengers. In the Quran-ic view, Abraham was wondering about creation.
“When the night grew dark upon him, he beheld a star, and said, ‘This is my Lord!’ But when it set, he said: ‘I love not things that set.’” (Quran 6:76)
“And when he saw the moon rising up, he exclaimed: ‘This is my Lord.’ But when it set, he said: ‘Unless my Lord guides me, I surely shall become one of the folk who are astray.’” (Quran 6:77)
“And when he saw the sun rising, he cried: ‘This is my Lord! This is greater!’ But when the sun set, he said, ‘O my people! Surely I am free from that which you associate with God. Verily, I have turned my face towards Him Who has created the heavens and the earth, away from idolatry, and I am not of those who associate others with God.’” (Quran 6:78)
It was a series of questioning to which God then answered. It was a simple deductive reasoning. Abraham proved to his people that the Lord of the worlds was not to be found in the creations that their idols represented, but was, rather, the entity who created them and everything which they could see and perceive; that the Lord does not necessarily need to be seen in order to be worshipped. He is an All-Able Lord, not bound by limitations as the creations found in this world are.
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The main idea from Islamic POV is submission which includes humility. The danger lies when we lose the understanding of the word God and speak of it as any other object. Like the main boss at work who we obey and hardly question and this is just a guy.