One of the greatest fears for any athlete is the risk of injury. Warm weather makes muscular injuries like strains and tears less likely since warm muscles are much more pliable than cold muscles. Cold muscles tend to tighten and constrict.
Researchers have found that this increased pliability, particularly in sprinting events, means that athletes are normally able to run faster and take longer strides on, for example, a track in 24C Lanzarote than on a track in 4C London.
Also, consider this. You are leading up to a competition in very hot place. The body's systems take time to adapt to such 'heat-stress' - this adaptation is known as heat acclimatisation. What better way to do this than to go to a warm weather training camp in advance of the event.
For the 2008 Beijing Games, the British Olympic Association (BOA) chose a small island near Hong Kong in the same time zone to help athletes prepare to compete in these conditions.
There is one further physiological point to consider but it also links to psychology: the sunshine. Elite athletes are wary of taking additional vitamin supplements unless they are 100% confident that the contents are safe and legal for them to use.
Vitamin D is produced in response to exposure to sunshine and it is proven that vitamin D deficiency can have a negative impact on sports performance and injury risk. So rather than taking pills, obtaining Vitamin D naturally, with warm weather training, plus the added feel-good factor of having the sun on your back is very attractive.
Quite simply sunshine makes us feel better and this has been scientifically proven through the acceptance of the condition Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) - the form of depression experienced in the winter months.