Which medieval close combat weapon was the most effective?
submitted 2 years ago by [deleted]
The mace, sword, axe or other? I know it's hard to compare but what advantages or disadvantages did the weapons have?
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AsiaExpertChina, Korea, and Japan 2054 points 2 years ago
The general consensus is that for individual warriors of the time it was highly dependent on a great deal of factors how effective their weapon was in battle, such as skill, quality of the weapon, way it was used, etc.
Thus, we can safely assume that it is a mostly moot point to discuss which weapon was most effective on an individual scale in an objective sense. We could debate it all day and get no where.
So I would like to bring us to the macro scale. What was the most effective weapon for war making? The Spear
The spear was the most fundamental weapon across almost every culture and people, from East to West, whether they were knights or tribal warriors or samurai, and for good reason.
It was the AK47 of medieval times. It was easy & cheap to manufacture, easy to maintain, and simple to use. It was a good balance between weight, speed, handling, and striking power. And when used correctly, just as deadly as any expensive sword.
It's also incredibly important that spears benefited from formations and group fighting much more than sword fighters did, who would invariably engage in mostly individual battle as opposed to the united front a unit of spears could present.
To show how important the spear was considered, I'll give an example from my expertise. The samurai.
Everyone knows the samurai. A warrior class that were supposed to adhere to a strict code that dictated what they should do in and out of battle. And everyone knows their iconic weapon, the katana, right? Everyone knows the katana was the most important thing, the very soul of a samurai right? Wrong.
The katana did not gain its romantic concept even among the Japanese until long after its bloodiest wars had been fought and won already. It was only under the Tokugawa Shogunate, a time of relative peace and prosperity that the katana become the symbol of the samurai.
Before this, notably during the Sengoku Era or "Warring States Era", the samurai's weapon of choice was not a katana but a spear. It was one of the fields of mastery on which a samurai was judged on his martial prowess along with archery on horseback, which was the weapon of choice before the concept of conscription and levy armies were introduced.
The katana was not to be underestimated of course. But because of the historic lack of quality metals in the Japanese homeland, their metal blades could only be folded on itself so many times and a cap on quality was hard to break past with the techniques of the time. That being said, they did do spectacularly well with what they had and one could only imagine what they would have made if they had access to better materials...
Back to the godly spear. The samurai would often carry more than one into battle with them, along with their swords and a short dagger meant for finishing enemies in grappling. Their katana were treated as a sidearm, and only used if they could no longer use spears.
With a spear, they were expected to be able to strike just as fast and kill as efficiently as if they were holding a sword or bow. There were a great deal more schools for the way of the spear than there were for the way of the sword for a long time in Japan.
And in China, forget about it. China's wars were all about mass formations and grand tactics. Swords were for officers and generals, not fighting men who killed and were killed in the mud and dirt. The grunt's most trusted tool was the spear. And the spear always answered faithfully.