1.
1.
The richest 10% (~700 million) contribute to 50% of emissions, as much as the ~ 6.3 billion people. So i population the main issue, or lifestyle?
2. The rural poor in India historically have had more kids because their kids die and their kids work on farms, so they need the labour. They have more kids because of poverty.
Also the Indian fertility rate is now 2.2 (replacement rate is 2.1). Further, historically, the state with the lowest fertility is Kerala which has never been the richest state, but had the highest literacy rate and better healthcare than most other states.
So your poverty-fertility correlation needs a little more work.
3. The rich have power over society, by virtue of being rich they can influence politicians, etc. There are
studies showing how laws that are passed reflect the desires of the rich rather than the population as a whole.
The "they" is the superstructure of the state, the media, both of which are directly or indirectly owned by the rich and so often reflect their interests.