Lots of interesting thinkers around that I really like reading/listening to, but not always because I necessarily agree with them - it can also be good to push your intuitions around a bit sometimes! A few I would recommend: Kwame Anthony Appiah, Daniel Dennett, Steven Pinker, Peter Singer, Yuval Noah Harari, Ta-Nehisi Coates, Niall Ferguson, Jonathan Haidt, Kimberlé Williams Crenshaw, Douglas Murray, Adam Tooze and obviously Chomsky, who has already been mentioned above.
I feel like the standard of public discourse is pretty impoverished at the moment, but if you want to see how it used to be done, I'd highly recommend the documentary film Best of Enemies, which is about the televised debates between public intellectuals Gore Vidal and William F. Buckley during the 1968 United States presidential election. It is great (and includes a contribution from Christopher Hitchens, of whom I was also a fan).