Did the Jaime/Ned fight not happen in the books? I only listened to them while at work, so clearly missed so much, but I would have put money on them clashing and thinking the show version was better.
They met but never fought in the books. The Lannisters just slaughter the Starks and there is no time for an one on one. Anyway, it has been mentioned heavily that Jaime is a far better fighter than Ned (who is good, but nothing special, while Jaime at that time might be the greatest swordsman in Westeros).
Other things that didn't happen:
- Jaime has never had the discussion with Tywin when Tywin asks him why he didn't kill Ned? It doesn't even make sense, considering that Tywin never wanted Ned dead.
- Brianne never met and fought Hound. Hound 'died' from an infection.
- As I said before, most of the things around Jon didn't happen in the books. No battle beyond the wall against the mutineers, no Hardhorne battle, he never killed a Whitewalker (he will likely do it on the future), and very likely the Battle of the Bastards won't happen in the books (Stannis should win against Boltons, right).
- The Night King doesn't exist on the show. The Others (the book name for Whitewalkers) don't have a leader (or at least we haven't seen it) but seems to be commanded from the Great Other (the legendary antagonist of R'hllor).
- Jaime never went to Dorne. Instead he went to Riverlands and had a deal with Blackfish (who didn't die in the books). By that stage, he doesn't have any feeling toward Cersei, and when Cersei sends a letter to ask him to fight for her in the trial, he doesn't think about it for a second.
Really big changes:
- Dorne. Not only they cut the princess and heir of Dorne (Arianne), but they made Doran - an ultimate schemer - into an idiot who got butchered.
- Stannis who was supposed to be the greatest commander in the seven kingdoms was made an idiot on the show.
- The entire storyline of Aegon VI Targaryan being cut from the show, and in some way, given to Jon and/or Jaime.
- The Lannisters are still strong in the show, in the books they were far far weaker than Tyrells by the end of the fifth book, and any clash between them would have been an easy victory from Tyrells.
- Euron was made an evil Jack Sparrow, while on the books he is the most terrifying character from them all. Victarion totally cut from the show.
- Roose Bolton in the books is a Tywin-lite, and Ramsey is absolutely terrified from him. Ramsey is also much less caricature.
- Sansa wasn't ever sold to Boltons, instead LF plans for her to marry the next heir of Vale (with Robyn either dying or getting killed in the process) and then Vale attacking North to put Sansa on the throne, and in this way, LF to control two regions via Sansa. Ramsey gets married with Sansa's childhood friend, with Boltons claiming that she is Arya. She also suffers much more than Sansa.
- Ages of characters. Ned and Robert are 35 in the beginning of the books, Jaime and Cersei slightly younger. Daenerys is 13, Robb and Jon are 14, Sansa is 11, Arya is 9 and Bran is 7. Missandrei is 8.
- Allister Thorne is never acting lord commander of the Nightswatch, neither the leader of them when they kill Jon. Bowen Marsh serves on those roles.
- Lady Stoneheart (Catelyn Stark 'fire zombie') being cut from the show.
- Varys hasn't served any purpose since the fourth season, but he is the mastermind behind everything in the books (he is to be blamed for the war probably more than LF). He also executes Kevan Lannister when he replaces Cersei as King regent and seems to be putting the kingdom back in line.