Ask The Economists: An Academic Take On Manchester United's Financial Issues
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Jan 21, 2010 5:15:00 PM
Several readers have asked us about exactly what is going on in the boardroom - and the bank - at Manchester United. What does the drive for loan bond income mean? How are the Glazers running things? We have asked the experts to explain. Stephen Dobson and John Goddard, authors of The Economics of Football, will guide us, starting by looking at why the Glazers invested in United in the first place, and right through to the present day and, of course, the future...
Why the Glazers invested in United:
The Glazers’ purchase of Manchester United in 2005 appears to have been a purely commercial transaction. In the US, it is uncontroversial to view major league sports team franchises as strictly profit-making businesses. For many years United has consistently turned in large operating profits (£263 million in total between 2003 and 2008). The worldwide popularity of the United ‘brand’ offers the potential for future growth in profitability, although the development of a business model that converts popular appeal in Asian or African countries into hard revenue has been problematic for the elite European football clubs. The Glazers’ commercial strategy has been pretty much as expected, with higher ticket prices and restraints on players’ wage expenditure contributing to sustained growth in revenue and operating profit during their four-and-a-half years at the helm.
Why their ownership follows the model that it does:
The Glazers’ acquisition of Manchester United, completed in May/June 2005, cost around £810 million. This was the price that was paid to relieve the previous shareholders of ownership of the property rights to the club’s future anticipated revenue/profit streams. A large portion of the purchase price was funded through monies borrowed from banks and hedge funds; with some of these loans secured against the club’s assets. The total indebtedness to banks and hedge funds appears to have increased from around £540 million in 2005 to over £700 million in 2009. Naturally the lenders expect to receive interest on the monies they have lent, and the current yearly interest payments amount to around £60 million. This amount is sufficient to wipe out a large proportion of the club’s operating profit, and may leave relatively meagre financial resources available to fund future acquisitions of players.
The future prospects for the club under the current financial leadership:
The recently-announced £500 million bond issue, if successful, offers the prospect of refinancing part of the debt on terms less punitive than the interest the club pays on the hedge fund element of the current debt. The bond scheme includes provisions to channel up to £127 million from the club to the parent company in the first year, enabling a portion of the existing debt to be repaid. The Glazers say they can continue to manage the club’s cash flows in a manner that meets their obligations to lenders, and provides sufficient financial resources to sustain a successful team. Clearly, the revenue flows on which this model depends are highly sensitive to team performance. Supporters will be concerned that if the flow of trophies were to dry up, then a somewhat precarious business model, based on the sustained generation of large volumes of revenue in order to service the club’s heavy debts, could easily unravel.
Ask The Economists: An Academic Take On Manchester United's Financial Issues - Goal.com