FIRST FILTER - attack is always sexier
My ~20 man shortlist, leaving out goalies, defenders and most central midfielders as per post above would be:
Scarone, Bican, Sindelar, Sarosi, Meazza, Leonidas, Erico, Moreno, Labruna, Di Stéfano, Matthews, Finney, Zizinho, Mazzola, Schiaffino, Liedholm, Puskas, Kocsis, Bozsik, Kubala, Kopa, Didí
As you would expect, lots of #10s/orchestrators that defined teams and eras. Since we have hardly any footage (not that you would have in 1958 either), you need to apply some filters that can separate those. Not being one of those helps bring some variety to the roster too.
SECOND FILTER - BEST OUT OF ONE LOT
In picking Liedholm I already applied a common logic in these things: picking the most outstanding star in a team or unit (Gre-No-Li, in that case) unless there is a substantial separate body of work (e.g. ADS relative to River Plate). Not sure Kopa manages to extricate himself from ADS' shadow there (Real have won the last three European Cups) despite his Reims and France exploits.
That leaves:
Scarone, Bican, Sindelar, Sarosi, Meazza, Leonidas, Erico, Moreno (it's really tough leaving out Labruna there but with so many players of his ilk individual genius and romance wins out, a bit like choosing between Charlton and Best), Di Stefano, Matthews (beats Finney, can't see anyone outside England including both), Zizinho, Mazzola, Schiaffino, Liedholm, Puskas, Kubala, Didí.
THIRD FILTER - BODY OF WORK
You would invariably factor in longevity, entire body of work, and a particular emphasis on international tournaments. Let's face it, you would have hardly heard of them otherwise, I still remember how I looked forward to World Cups as a kid as the one time all the world's best players were on display and as the somewhat level playing field to really see who was great and who was hot air (distinctly remember a lot of hype around Toni Polster in 1990).
That knocks out Didí (it would be like including Mbappe after the last World Cup), Kubala (unless you were in Spain or watched Barca a lot), Mazzola, Moreno and Erico.
Leaves: Scarone, Bican, Sindelar, Sarosi, Meazza, Leonidas, Di Stefano, Matthews, Zizinho, Schiaffino, Liedholm, Puskas
FOURTH FILTER - WINNING STUFF
At that point you would also think about "winning important stuff", so you would leave Scarone, Meazza, Di Stefano, Schiaffino, Liedholm and Puskas in your top ten.
The Olympics were still a big deal in the 50s and in some cases the only way to really compare nations as the economics of football started dismantling national sides as you played for the country you were contracted in, not born in. It would quickly erode as all Eastern European First XIs were technically amateur, while Western ones weren't, starting a period of absolute Eastern European dominance.
REVIEW BASED ON PURE GUT-FEEL
That's 6 and then it's a matter of working back through the filters and rescuing four that got filtered along the way.
From the last filter maybe Zizinho (given how shocking the 1950 loss was), Matthews (longevity, different type of contribution being a plus, the status of the English game also being very much up there), Leonidas and Bican (scream goals).
Then you probably have Sindelar, Moreno or Mazzola, all for different reasons (tortured genius, lifestyle of the extrovert genius, tragic genius).
I'd go for Matthews, Leonidas, Bican and Moreno myself. Leonidas is a bit of a straight shootout with Zizinho, can't really justify having both.
1. Alfredo Di Stefano
2. Ferenc Puskas
3. José Manuel Moreno
4. Giuseppe Meazza
5. Juan Alberto Schiaffino
6. Josef Bican
7. Leonidas da Silva
8. Héctor Scarone
9. Nils Liedholm (in my gut this could be Sindelar, Zizinho or Kubala too, but I'll stick to the outcome of the filters, by all accounts as worthy of being there)
10. Stanley Matthews