Are you playing an acoustic guitar? If so, sell it and get an electric one. The reason is, the frets are wider apart and the neck is usually wider on an acoustic, plus the "action" (how much you have to push a string to get it to sound the note) is a lot higher on an acoustic. All that means it's harder to learn on an acoustic. It's less comfortable and you fingers will hurt a lot more.
To build up your fingertip calluses, just put them on the fretboard, press a string, and slide them up and down the neck. It will take a few days, but in less than a week, your fingers will stop hurting.
In terms of developing your playing ability, pick which path you want to take: 1.) play guitar at social gatherings; 2.) play along to songs you like at home; 3.) play in a band; 4.) write your own songs. For 1 & 2, just pick up any book with "Easy Songs for Guitar" in the title. These will have open chords that work more or less like the real chords the real songs used. People will be able to recognize what you're playing. For 3 & 4, search YouTube for tutorials on proto-punk and post punk songs. "Loose" by The Stooges. "Blitzkrieg Bop" by Ramones. "Wasted" by Black Flag. Then move on up to Wire and Sex Pistols. You have to play simpler songs (that are still amazing) before playing whichever power ballad will melt your fiancé's heart. If you want to learn songs that are more about notes than chords, two I started with were "The Puppet" and "Do It Clean" by Echo & The Bunnymen. Simple songs you can figure out in about 5 minutes. If you're a fan of Joy Division or New Order, virtually all of their guitar parts are the E-maj barre shape.
Oh yeah, you will need to learn the E barre shape and the A barre shape. You can cheat this with just using your index and ring fingers.
What I found is that the more songs you know how to play, the more you know how to play guitar. That sounds obvious or like a joke, but for years I played classical guitar and even blues guitar trying to figure out the secrets of the fretboard and tritones and soloing in key and all kinds of horseshit that didn't translate into being able to pick up the guitar and play a song. Get that electric guitar, plug into a 10W amp, and get an effect pedal that has some thickening quality like chorus or delay or overdrive or distortion.
And play every day. Have the guitar out in the open and every time you walk past it, pick it up and play something.
Later on, you can study chord progressions and tone theory and practice scales. Chances are, by the time you've learned 10 to 15 simple songs, you'll "know" enough about those things anyway.