@Pogue Mahone
I think we're unnecessarily hung up on some sort of classic definition of fascism. There wasn't one. We can discuss the nature of fascism easier than a clear singular definition. Hitler, Franco and Mussolini, the archetype fascists for a lot of us, all did it differently. Stalin's Russia and his authoritarianism gives foundation to a lot of the horseshoe theories. It's not rigid.
From the Umberto Eco essay I posted above.
Well worth reading by the way.
"The contradictory picture I describe was not the result of tolerance but of political and ideological discombobulation. But it was a rigid discombobulation, a structured confusion. Fascism was philosophically out of joint, but emotionally it was firmly fastened to some archetypal foundations."
This paragraph below is from Chris Hedges on an article about Gramsci and modern relevance.
I know people have issues Hedges over some of his takes on Ukraine. I do too, but this is a good intro to Gramsci who I think is essential reading at some point if anyone is really interested in understanding and making an attempt at 'defining' fascism.
"
Benito Mussolini’s regime claimed, like our
corporate state, to be implementing a government based on
efficiency, meritocracy, the management of society by experts and specialists and the elimination of class conflict through mediation. It too celebrated “heroic”
military values, traditionalism and a mythical past that stretched back, in the case of fascist Italy, to ancient Rome. It also
rewarded conformism and loyalty, denigrated the humanities and culture in favor of vocational and technical training,
spectacle and patriotic kitsch"
Lots of that rings true with the US.
https://www.truthdig.com/articles/antonio-gramsci-and-the-battle-against-fascism/