Yes.
Imagine the situation - striker is breaking clean through on goal, the defender (last man or otherwise) lunges in with a dangerous tackle, missing the ball.
The striker at this point (lets assume he has superhuman reflexes) has 2 options;
1) Allow the tackle to make contact and go down, earning a free kick/penalty, possible red card and risking injury in the process.
2) Avoid the tackle by jumping/stopping, but in doing so losing his balance/momentum meaning that again the opportunity to score has gone.
Now, it seems the more logical choice would be the 2nd option as nobody wants to get hurt or injured. Clearly, whilst no contact has been made, it was a poor challenge, has essentially denied a goalscoring opportunity (by forcing the striker to take evasive action) and on another day could have caused an injury.
In my view, the two incidents should be treated the same - cards, free kicks and all. You cant punish a player for trying to avoid having their leg broken - but if the two above scenarios are treated differently then that is exactly what you are doing. The defender should be punished for the reckless tackle regardless of whether it causes serious injury or not.
This is obviously an extreme example but the same logic can be applied in a lot of situations. The principle is the same - the outcome shouldnt affect the decision (except in cases of the advantage rule). Just because a player is quick enough (or lucky enough) to get out of the way, doesnt excuse the tackle, and can still mean that the momentum of the move is taken away due to the striker (in my example) having to go out of their way to avoid the tackle.